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MİDYAT TARİHÇESİ   

Midyat, Mardin ilinin bir ilçesidir. Mardin ilinin bir ilçesidir. Dinlerin(İslam, Hristiyanlık, Yezidilik) ve dillerin (Türkçe, Kürtçe, Arapça ve Süryanice) buluşma noktası Midyat; MÖ IX. yy Asur tabletlerinde Matiate olarak tanimlanir. "Matiate" Aramice/Süryani bir isim ve "köyüm", "vatanım", demektir. Asur kralı II. Assur Nasirpal Tur Abdin'in Aramileri talen ettikten sonra, bu savasin tarihi tableler yazilmistir. Midyat'taki ilk Süryani hrıstiyanlar da mağaralarda yaşardı. Midyat tarih boyunca birçok kere kusatılıp talan edilmiştir. Son olarak Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın karanlık günlerinde, "Ferman" yilinda, kasaba sakinlerinin üçte ikisi yaşamını kaybetmiştir. Ancak 1930 yılından sonra kasaba yeniden canlanmış: Kiliseler, evler ve bazi mekanlar onarilmistir. Ondan sonra yerlesim duzeni zamanla oturmaya baslamıştır. İlcenin deniz seviyesinden yuksekligi 1070 metredir. Mardin ilinin en geniş ve nüfus bakımından en kalabalik ilcelerinden biridir. İlceye bagli 43 köy ve mezra bulunmaktadir. Midyat'da müslüman olarak Kürtler, Türkler ve Araplar yaşamaktadırlar Din ve Grupları ise Hiristiyan Dinine mensup Suryaniler, Ermeniler ve Keldaniler yaşamakta bu dil grupları meshep olarak aralarında Katolik ortadoks ve protestan olmak üzere üç meshep'e ayrılırlar. Hiristiyanlar kendi aralarında çok az sayıda olmak kaydı ile süryanice konuşmaktadır, Keldani'ce ve Ermeni'ce bu bölgede unutulmuş dil gruplarıdır ve konuşulmamaktadır. Midyat'da bu dinlerin yanı sıra sayıları çok az olmakla beraber Yezidi dinine mensup insanlarda yaşamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle Midyata Diller ve Dinler Şehri deriz. Süryanilerin milllatan önceki tarihleri, eski Mezopotamya'da yaşayan uluslarin tarihidir. Süryani halkının kökleri de eski Mezopotamya'nin en eski tarihsel dönemine kadar inmektedir. Yukari Mezopotamya'nin yazili tarih evresi yalnız Asurlular baslar. M.ö. 3000'lerde Sumerin kuzeyinde yer alan Asurlular ve Akkadlar, Firat'in orta kesiminde, çok sayida bagimsiz site devletleri kurmuslardir. Buradaki halk, Sumerlere benzeyen bir kabileden oluşmaktadir. Bu kabile, bir Sami dili olan Asurca ve Akadça/Aramice konuşuyordu. İki yerleşim biriminden oluşan, dinlerin ve dillerin birleşme noktası, "Gelen ağlar giden ağlar" sloganı ile adeta özdeşleşen Midyat Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin en gelişmiş İlçelerinden biridir. 1990'lı yıllardan itibaren okur yazarlık oranında büyük bir ilerleme yaşanmıştır.Geçim kaynağı tarım ve hayvancılıktır. 2000 li yıllardan itibaren İlçede çekilen Dizi Film ve Sinema Prodüksiyonları sayesinde unutulmakta olan Midyat'ta yaşayan tüm toplulukların ortak değeri olan Telkari (Gümüş İşleme) sanatında büyük gelişme yaşanarak bu sanat tekrar canlanmakta olup endütsri haline getirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar iç ve dış turizmin gelişmesine de katkı sağlamıştır. Midyat'a özgü mimarisi olan ve adını yine Midyat'tan alan "Midyat Evleri"ni süsleyen "Taş İşleme Sanatı" (Nahid) da Midyat'ta yaşayan tüm toplumların ortak değeri olarak ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır.
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